Spinning, doubling, and twisting machinery



Aug. 6,1935. vs. z. DE 12mm/Muir; 2,010,179

SPINNING, DOUBLING AND TWISTINGY MACHINERY Filed Feb. 8, 1954 9 Sheets-Sheet 1 ,6 .-113 zk/ \`1Z4 0A fw A118" 6,1935 s. z. DE FERRAN-ny `2,010,179]

` SPINNING, nouLING A'ND TwIsTING HAGHINERY Filed Feb. 8, 1954 9 snts-sneet 2 Aug. 6, 1935. y s. z. DE FERRANTI SP'NNING, DOUBLING AND TWIST-ING IIACHINERY Filed Feb. 8, 1954 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 .j l @Jem Qin/W ii m Ag. 6, 1935` s. z. DE FERRANTI SPINNING, ADcmLINcf 'AND TwIsTING MACHINERY Filed Feb.

s. z. DE FRRANTI SPINNING,y DOUBLING AND TwIsTING MACHINERY Aug. 6, 1935,

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Filed Feb. 8, 1934 s. 'L'D l--l-:RRMJTI i 2,010,179` SPINNING, DoLiNG AAND 'lwIs'rIHG uAcHInERY Filed Feb. 8

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` SPVIANNING, DOUBLI'NG AND TwIsTING MACHINERY Filed Feb. 8, 1954 9 sheets-snet 'r Ang- 6, 1935. s. z. DEFERRANTI '2,010,179l" SPINNING,v DQUBLING AND TWISTING MACHINERlr Filed Feb. a, 1954 s sheets-sneer 9 HIM y WH' 1 www a EJ Patented Aug. 6, 1935 PATENT OFFICE SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTIN CHINE Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti, deceased, late of Hollinwood, England,

by Gertrude Ruth Ziani de Ferranti, executrix, Upper Basildon, Pangbourne, England, ascignor to Ferranti Inc.,

York, N. Y.

`Alm!! In Great Britain 9 Claims.

of speeds and also from that 0f product, and es-' pecially from the aspect of obtaining the desired product at the desired speed.

Many Letters Patent were subsequently obtained by the late Dr. S. Z. de Ferranti dealing with improvements made from time to time, and the object of the present invention is to provide still further improvements.

The late Dr. Ferranti found that with the above objects in view, the flyer should be balanced to a very high degree of accuracy, special attention should be paid to spindle construction and bearings, and also to flyer constructionsand feed of yarn. The present application deals among other matters with the balancing of flyers to a high degree of'accuracy, and includes also the combination in high speed spinning and like machinery of such flyers with suitable spindle constructicn's and bearings and yer constructions and feeds, for the provision ofspinning and like machines, improved t0 a very high degree.

Dealing with the question of yer balancing, the late Dr. Ferranti found that the flyers should be balanced to such a high degree of accuracy as had not previously been realized to enable even the high speeds which had already been proposed to be maintained with economy from the point of view of breakage of the yarn, and further, that special attention should be paid to the bearings for the flyers. The present invention consists in a process and apparatus for spinning, doubling and twisting on machines with resilient bearings and airborne spindles, in which the flyer is balanced to a high degree lof accuracy, and in which the bearings for the flyer consist of a formv of. resilient or spring supported bearing, in which the bearing comprises two parts, namely, an outer cage and an inner tube. 'I'he flyer is air-home along the axis of the inner tube and within it. and this inner tube is spring-supported inside the cage; the inner tube preferably comprises an electro-deposited copper shroud containing two carbon bearing surfaces.

'Ihe invention also consists in spinning, dou- -bling and twisting machinery, according to the preceding paragraph, including in combination spindle constructions and bearings substantially as will hereinafter be'described.

New

cation February 8, 1934, Serial No. 710,386

February 13, 1933 The invention` also consists in spinning, doubling and twisting machinery, as indicated in either of the preceding two paragraphs, including in combination flyer constructions and feeds substantially as will hereinafter be described.

The invention also consists in high speed spinning, doubling and twisting machinery, with nonseizing bearings of carbon or the like, either in divided form or in continuous form.

'.Ihe invention also consists in high speed spinning, doubling and twisting machinery, inwhich the spindle assembly consists of three parts or components, namely: an outer running tube for carrying the bobbin, and having a brake drum at the base; an intermediate bearing tube, stationary, but free to vibrate, having the same degrees of freedom as the running tube, except that of rotation about its axis, and having bearing surfaces on which the running tube rotates, and provided with a thrust device forming a thrust, or carrying bearing for the running tube at the top, this intermediate tube being spring supported on a fixed inner dead spindle, which, incidentally, is also provided with a braking assembly 'and a spring damping device.

The invention also consists in a method of 25 forming flyers for high speed spinning, doubling and twisting machinery, namely, by electrodeposition on suitably shaped mandrels, for instance, by the electrodeposition of copper on appropriate mandrels. 30

The invention also consists in high speed spinning, doubling and twisting machinery, in which the flyers are air-driven, the air pressure being from about 1to 2 lbs. per square inch, an automatic cut-off of the supply of the air on breakage of the yarn being provided, and preferably arrangements being made so that should an individual yer be stopped, the spindle isl automatically stopped by permitting full braking action to take place. 40

The invention also consists' in high speed spinning, doubling and twisting machinery, in which the feed of yarn to the iiyer takes place by way of two rolls set at an angle to the vertical, so chosen that the thread leaves the rolls in the 45 same plane as that in which itl enters the rolls, this plane also being the plane of the flyer worm.

The invention also consists in high lspeed spinning, doubling and twisting machinery with special thread severing arrangements substantially as described, which become automatically operative on snarling of the yarn, and stopping devicessubstantially as described becoming automatically operative on breakage of the thread.`

The invention also consists in improvements in and relating to spinning, doubling and twisting machinery, substantially as herein described. The accompanying drawings are provided to aid in the understanding of the invention and may shortly be described as followsz Figure i is a diagrammatic elevation of a spinning machine according to the invention. Figure 2 is a part sectional elevation of the yarn delivering and tensioning part of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a part sectional elevation of the spinning mechanism of Figure 1.

vertical section through the axis g and driving mechanism with shown in position but not in the yer i'eeir section.

Figure 5 is a side elevation of the resilient mounting for the iiyer bearing.

Figure 6 is a plan View of Figure 5 Aionizing in the direction of the arrow A.

Figure 7 is an underside plan view oi Figure 5 looking along arrow B.

Figure 8 is a sectional elevation of a yer.

Figure 9 is a sectional view of the iiyer eyelet.

Figure 10 is a view of a modified iiyer eyelet.

Figure 11 is a sectional view of the modification shown in Figure 10.

Figure 12 is a section through the axis of the spindle and its associated mechanism with a bobbin tube shown in chain dotted lines.

Figure 13 is a detail of the top of the spindle running tube shown partly in section.

Figure 14 is a plan view of Figure 13.

Figure 15 is a detail view of the top of spindle bearing tube unit in section showing valve for running tube bearing.

Figure 16 is a plan of the part shown in Figure 15. Figure 1'? is a detail view of the anti-vibration device for the top oi' the spindle carbon bearing tube.

Figure 18 is a plan of the part shown in Figure 17.

Figure 19 is a. detail view of a damping device for the centre of the spindle carbon bearing tube..

Figure 20 is a developed view of the casing of the damping device shown in Figure 19.

Figure 21 is a detail of the anti-vibration device for the bottom ofthe spindle carbon bearing tube.

Figure 22 is a plano! the part shown in Fige 21. urliigure 23 is an elevation in part section of the bottom of the spindle running tube.

Figure 24 is a side elevation in part section of the yer brake and control lever mechanism.

Figure 25 is a plan view of the parts shown in Figure 24 when in working position.

Figure 26 is a similar view to that of Figure 25 but with the parte in stopped position.

Figure 27 is a front elevation of a flyer brake and control lever.

Figure 28 is a sectional view of the starting button.

Figure 29 is a sectional view through the turbine valve actuating spindle and lever.

Figure 30 is a deleveloped view of the ilyer brake band.

Figure 31 is a side elevational view oi' a pair of feed rollers.

` Figure 32 is a front elevation of the same parts as Figure 31.

Figure 33 is a sectional view through the feed rollers on line II-n oi' Figure 31,

Figure 34 is a section of lower feed roller and worm wheel on line 34-34 of Figure 31.

Figure 35 is a section of the oil feed box for the lower roller bearing.

Figure 36 is a side elevation of a balance lever in running position.

Figure 37 is a plan view of Figure 36.

Figure 38 is a reversed side elevation of balance lever in position caused by an obstruction in the yarn and showing cutter operating mechanism in dotted lines.

Figure 39 is a section on the line 39-39 of Figure 36. I

Figure 40 is-a section on the line lli-lill of Figure 38 to a larger scale.

Figure 41 is a side elevation of a balance lever in position taken up when yarn breaks.

Figure 42 is an underside view. of the cutters shown to a larger scale than in Figure 38.

Figure 43 is a side elevation oi a ytensioning device.

Figure 44 is a front elevation of Figure 43 viewed in the direction of arrows D D.

Figure 45 is a rear elevation of Figure 43 in the direction of arrows C-C.

Figure 46 is a section on line 46-46 of Figure 43.

Figure 47 is a detail of the toggle tripping mechanism with box in section, the toggle being shown in full lines in the collapsed position and in chain dotted lines in normal position for spinning.

Figure 48 is a plan view of Figure 47 partly in section.

Figure 49 is a side elevation of a spindle brake mechanism. t1 Figure 50 is a plan oi' Figure 49 partly in sec- Figure 51 is a reverse elevational view of Figure .49. i *I Figure 52 is a rear elevational view of Figure 49.

Figure 53 is a sectional View of a button for releasing the spindle brake.

Figure 541s a section of a control valve conilzrolling the hold-ofi mechanism for theyer rake.

Figure 55 is a part sectional elevation of a bobbin tube with yarn wound on it.

In carrying the invention into e'ect in one form by way oi' example applied to Ziani de Ferranti type machines, for instance, those operated on the principles of British Letters Patent Nos. 18047/03, 18260/04 or 24941/06, the iiyer is balanced to a high degree of accuracy. To effect this according to one form, the flyer is made by electrodeposition of copper, and is preferably chromium-plated. The bearing surfaces of the iiyer should be ground.

Balancing according to one form is eiected by the method described in the specication of British Patent No. 399845, the balancing process being carried out by removing parts of the spirals 22 and 23 with all the rotating parts of the yer assembly in place. Referring to Figure 4, the

bearings for the yerl consist oi' a form of resilient or spring-supportedv bearing comprising two parts, namely, an outer cage 2 and an inner tube 3. The iyer I is air-borne along the axis of the inner tube 3 and within it, and this inner tube is spring-supported inside the cage 2. The inner tube consists of an electrodeposited copper shroud containing two carbon bearing surfaces 5 and 6 coacting with corresponding bearing surfaces on the yer. Near the top of this inner tube air from any convenient source enters an A inlet 1 which communicates with a channel formed by two drillings s and s at nent angles, 7

whichleadstheairtoaspacehbeneathanair thrust washer Il for keeping the rotating Iyer assembly I from contact with the top of the ilyer bearing tube 3 against the action of gravity. The bearing surfaces and l within thetube are short in length and widely separated. The bearings are oi moderate area. but need not be selfaligning; being dividedjthey can distort through a comparatively great/angle without upsetting conditions for the high speeds which come into-Iide/posited copper, and carries the bearing surquestion, especially where large bearing areas are to be avoided. To ensure against the air film breaking down with-consequent seizure, either of the following two methods may be utilized, namelyz- (1) The use of non-seizing material for one of thebearingelements;

(2) The use of some other method such as the employment of high air pressure.

The factors governing success with airbearings appear to be the proper co`relation of load, density of air currents, area of bearing and condition or truth of surface. The outer cage 2 in which the'iiyer bearing tube 3, that is the inner tube, is suspended, consists of longitudinal strips of steel Il with circumferential rings I2 welded to the strips. l

The yer bearing tube 3 is held by two corrugated rings Il and i4 in which it is a push fit with some means of preventing it rotating. These corrugated ringslS and i4 are separated by springs in line. There areotwo spring as-V semblies, l5 and IG, one at each end of the cage 2,

and each consisting of three helical springs marked i1 and three marked I8, the mid points o! the springs being attached to the flyer bearing tube supporting rings i3 and their ends to the rings l2 by means of the brackets I9. The bearing and bearing cage referred to above provideff-a self-centring bearing for, and supports the flyer; the corrugated rings I3 of the cage being adapted to engage grooves 2|. formed on the outside of the flyer bearing tube 3.

The position of the cage is located by a spring pressed pin 24 which enters a hole in the surrounding .casing.

The spindle constructions and bearings and iiyer constructions and feed of yarn are'preferably such as are hereinafter described.

When applied by way of example to Ziani de Ferranti type machines, for instance, those operating on the principles of British Letters Patent Nos 18047/1903, 18260/1904 or 24941/1906, special bearings 25 and 26 for the outer running tube of the spindle assembly made of carbonor the like are used to prevent seizing and may be in two axially separate parts as shown in Figure 12 or may be a single long bearing.

The spindle assembly in one example shown in Figure 12A consists of three parts or components, namely: an outer running tube 21 for carrying the bobbin 28, and having a brake drum 29 at the base; an intermediate bearing tube 30, sta-J tionary but free to vibrate, having the same degrees of freedom as the running tube 21, except that of rotation about its axis, and having bearing surfaces 25 and 26 on which the running tube 21 rotates. It is also provided with a thrust device, described below, forming a thrust, or carrying bearing for the running tube at the top. 'Ihis intermediate tube 30 is spring-supported on a xed inner dead spindle 3l, which incidentally is also provided with a braking assembly and a spring damping deviceasdescribed below.

The outer running tube 21 is formed of electrodelimited copper. ,'a brass braking drum 2l being ksecured to the base. The top of the tube 21 is closed by a cap 32 carrying a small valve spindle 33. the bottom part of which enters a valve seating in the top of the intermediate tube.

The valve consists of a steel pin, the lower part of which is of greater diameter than Vthe re- .inain/der. v

#The intermediate tube is formed of electrofaces of carbon for the outer tube.

The intermediate tube 30 is\closed at the top by a grooved graphiteplug 34, held in place by a steel ring 35. It is bored centrally with a small hole 36 forming theseating for the valve pin 23 at the'top of the outer running tube. The function of this valve is to enable air to pass by lifting the outer running tube to a certain extent, this lifting acting to cut off the air supply except for the leakage of air permitted by a small hole 31 in the outer running tube near the top. The lower face of the graphite plug 34 is formed with a hemispherical seating 38 to take a brass swivelling air connecting piece 39, mounted in the top of the inner spindle 3|. The inner spindle 3| consists of a steel tube closed at the base by a plug 40 externally threaded at 4i for mounting the tube in the rail 42. Alternatively, the spindle may be turned from the solid and internally drilled.

' At the top of the spindle a resilient cage 43 See Figure 17 for supporting `the intermediate' tube is mounted. The resilient cage consists of a lower brass ring 44 fixed to the spindle and anupper ring 45 with a substantial clearance about the spindle, the two rings being joined by a. series of helical springs 46. Within the tube, in thel vicinity of this cage, there is provided a brass tubular connecting piece 39 with spherical ends, one bearing in the spindle and the other bearing the intermediate tube. Airv passes through this connecting piece from the inside of the spindle to-the inside of the intermediate tube. The dead spindle also carries aspring rod friction damper 41 for connecting with approximately the mid-point of the intermediate tube. The position, however, does not appear to be material.

This damping device, see Figures 19 and 20, consists of an outer cage 48 comprising top and bottom washers 49 and 59 respectively, having a substantial clearance with respect to the spindie 3i, and loosely carrying a. spring clip or in incomplete ring 5|. Two further brass washers 52 and' 53 are associated with the spindle; one, 52, is located roughly in position between two shoulders 55 formed on the spindle by the Y spring 55 is disposed. The clearances of these washers are less than the clearances of the washers of the outer assembly.

The resilient washers 54 and 51 act as friction washers, and are'provided for that purpose,

The assembly apparently acts to prevent excessive amplitude of vibration which might be caused by out-of-balance due -todifferences in winding of the cotton on the bobbin resulting from, for example, periodical uneven drag.

At the bottom of this iixed spindle a spring mounting 59 similar to that at the top is provided, but it is of larger diameter. It is contained within a cage 68 see Figures 49 to 52 iixedA to the spindle over the brake drum 29, and in the space between the two the brake band 8| is placed. This brake band, which is similar to the one shown in Figure 30, is carried by a clip 62 pivoted on a support 63, the pivot pin 84 which holds the clip having a helical spring G5 mounted on it, which normally keeps the brake band 6| in contact with the brake drum 29. A lever 66 is provided for varying the strength of the helical spring 65 and a thumb pressed piece 67, see Figure 53, for relieving the brake carrier or clip 62 from the action of the spring 65.

The aforesaid lever 6B has a pin 68 whichA works in a subsidiary brake control. The subsidiary control is connected with the main control by means of a very light helical spring 69. The lever 66 referred to above isy automatically moved up throughout the lling of the bobbin by the ramp 10 raising the ball end 68a of the arm or lever 66 (see Figures 49 to 52). The slot 1| in which the pin of this lever Works is so shaped that as the lever moves up, the compression effect of the light helical spring 89 rst increases and then decreases. This is required because rst winding occurs on a small diameter 'so that the torque is small and tension is correspondingly large, so that the braking eiect must not be so strong. As winding proceeds and the diameter of winding increases, the torque is increased so that the braking effect must be increased, because the tension in the yarn must not be permitted to rise above a certain amount as the bobbin is being driven through the tension in the yarn. Any decrease of tension below a certain minimum amount'would 'cause snarling of the thread. The brake is providedwith a thumb button releaseY in which an inclined partl of a bell crank continuation '|2 of the U shaped brake band fixing 82 is adapted to be depressed by the curved end of the push button 61.

The brake band U-shaped carrier clip is vrelieved of the tension of the main spring 65 by means of an aneroid device 13 see Figure 3 consisting of a number of brass cells. The action takes place on the admission of air into this device throughout the lling of the bobbin, the air supply being cut oil` on the stopping of the frame and bringing the heavy braking action into effect. Similar conditions occur on the stoppage of any individual unit for any cause.

The spindle assembly carries the bobbin 28 which consists of anelectrodepositedcopper tube, the means for driving the bobbin comprising two` slotted steel rings 14 and 15 mounted respectively at top and bottom of the driving tube 21,'th bobbin being a push-tity on these rings.-

When applied by way ofexample to Zlani de Ferranti type machines, for instance, those operating on the principles of British Letters- Patent Nos. 18h47/03, 18260/04 or 24941/06, the method employed for the manufacture of the high speedV The air pressure used ls from 1 to 2 lbs. per

square inch. The speed is of the order of 20,000 revolutions per minute.

There is an automatic cut-ofi of the supply of y.

air on breakage of the yarn. Referringto Figures 1 and 3 the air cw is from the air chest 18 by way of a direct connection through the valve |86 to the turbine 'I8 (Fig. 8), and afterwards, by exhaust to atmosphere. There is a iiexible connection |58 between an aneroid device 'it for releasing the spindle brake and the flyer drive air on the turbine side of the yer shut-oft valve; the result of this is that should an individual yer be stopped, lthe spindle is automatically stopped by allowing the spring t5 to act on the brake, and permitting full braking to take place.

As regards the feed of yarn to the iyer, `the feed takes place through an eye 19, under a lower roll 80, between the lower and an upper roll 8|, over the upper roll and down through the top of the yer i. The lower roll 8| is partly immersed in a trough of water 82 for wet spinning. These,details are clearly shown in Figure 2.

The axes of the two rolls 80 and 8| are not horizontal but are set at an angle thereto, this angle being so chosen that thread entering the eye 'I9 and the thread leaving the rolls are in one plane which plane also contains the axis of the yer worm 83. To effect this conveniently the lower roll 80 consists of a hollow shell 84 with an internal tubular hub 85 which screws into the Worm wheel 86 driven by the corresponding yer worm. The worm wheel is formed with teeth 8l of a self-lubricating material, such as lignum vitae, set at an angle to the axis to allow for the departure of the axis of the roll 80 and worm wheel 86 from the horizontal.

This assembly of lower roll 88 and worm wheel 86 is carried on an axially drilled conical pin 81 having a groove 88, the pin being mounted in a block 89 recessed to form an anulus 9| in communication with a supply of oil in a trough 90 from which the oil enters the annulus by capillary action. As the lower roll rotates, the oil is drawn along the groove 88 and exhausts back to the'trough through the clearance between the spindle and the tube of the lower roll. This ensures continual automatic lubrication. The assembly of lower roll and gear wheel is, in fact, supported, in the sense that the roll is provided with a conical shield 92 for preventing water interfering with the lubrication. This cone forms part of a plate 93 in an angular two-part casting 95 disposed at an angle to the vertical for the reasons explained above.

The upper roll 8| is mounted on the end of an arm 94 loosely pivoted in the same casing. It consists of an outer casing 96 with an inner shell 91, the former carrying a carbon bush 98 and the latter a steel pin -99 forming the bearing. The weight of the top roll is more than suilcient to overcome the tendency of the yarn to slide between the rolls due to its drag, but is not suiilclently great to cause damage to the yarn owingto this drag, or to ilatten the yarn.

The described angular setting of the feed rolls and worm gear enables the yarn to be directly in line with the mouth |00 of the yer, giving the minimum amount of gearing between the iiyer and the feed roll, whilst maintaining the correct and individual twist.

The gear acts as a kind of balance between, or synchronizer of, the feed roll drive and the flyer drive.

The feed rolls are driven both by the yarn,

dueto the pull on thebobbin, and by the flyer, due to the gearing at the top.

'Ihere is also provided a special thread severing arrangement automatically operative on snarling of the yarn and a stopping device 'automatically operative on breakage of the thread.

The snarling referred to here is not a matter Aof snarling below the feed rolls 30 and 8|. The term "snai-ling" includes, however, any holding up of the yarn between the cop and the balf ance arm |02 referred to below. In the first place the balance arm is raised. to such a height above the feed rolls, or the length of thread be-L tween the severing device of the balance arm and the feed rolls is made so great that should a thread be severed a single length will not fall from the top into the rotating parts, andso cause an entanglement before the flyer has been brought to rest.

For doubling, the cops are arranged in pairs, doubling being eifected from the cops directly. The thread from each cop is passed through a tension device |03. This consists of a framework of metal plate |04, see Figures 43 to 46, carrying two co-operative plates of gridiron character and |00 with rounded beads, the bead of one entering the slot of the other. These two plates are connected by a light cross arm |01, diagonally arranged to form a kind of link motion, the cross arm being slightly offset from the plates. The plates have a cross mounting, that is to say, the top of the left plate is pivoted on the `right hand side of the framing at the top, and the bottom of the left plate is pivoted on the .left hand side of the casing at the bottom. The top of the right plate is pivoted on the left side of the casing at the top, and the bottom of the right plate is mounted on the right of the casing at the bottom. The mountings are made on cross centres |03, |00 disposed at 45 to the vertical, so that in this way the plates tend to fall by their ownma, the result being that the frictional control is independent of any spring variation,

or of the speed of the yarn passing through the tension device or of other characteristics ofthe From this tensioning device the yarn passes to the balance arm |02 referred to above see Figures 36 and 37. This balance arm consists of an aluminium or like framework ||0, having two points of suspension and ||2. It is provided at one end with a pivoted roll ||3 fitted with the clearer assembly ||4 described below, and a counterbalance ||0 at the other, so that of itself it normally tends to sit with th'e roll ||3 elevated. When the frame is running the balance arm |02 rests on both pivots, being kept in this position owing to the friction on the, yarn introduced by the tensioning device |03. This friction is insuihcient to cause the balance arm to pivot only f on the pivot nearer the -`roll. Should the pull on the yarn become too great, owing to some defect in the yarn acting on the clearer on the roll, referred to below, or owing to a hold-up on the cop |0|, the balance arm |02 pivots on the forward pivot only.

The clearer assembly ||4 consists of a grooved pulley ||3 having a U shaped groove ||6 with which a pin ||1 co-operates. The pin is made of such a size, and the grooves of such a depth, that it will not pass faulty yarn, which latter would become impaled on the spike and cause the bal-I ance arm |02 to tip on t0 the forward pivot ||I.

The pin referred to above is mounted in a spring controlled frame ||0. The balance arm is'pmvidssvith stm-em severing device m anpmd in the vicinity of the grooved pulley consisting of a scissors device, the movable part |20 of which is operated by a wire |2|a connected with a light pivoted frame |22, one end of which projects through a slot |2| in the framework ||0, in the vicinity of the forward pivot The shape of this slot and the position of the projecting part is such that when the arm |02 pivots about the rear pivot ||2, the projection from the scissors operating frame |22 is quite clear of the side of the slot |2| inwhich the scissors projection rides, but when the arm |02 is caused to pivot about the forward pivot III, the side of the slot |2| catches the projection. causing it to ride backwards -in its own slot |2| and sever theV yarn. Y

AOn the yarn breaking or being severed, the arm |02 becomes free, and assumes the position corresponding to the position of equilibrium, which may be vertical or substantially so as controlled by the general framework of the machine. The resut of this is, that the forward pivot lifts a small plate |23 which raises a wire |24 extending downwards to a trip gear which controls the air valve on the flyer. As shown in Fig. 47 the trip gear includes a toggle |25 with two arms |20 and |21 of unequal length, the apex |20 of the toggle being normally held in position by a roller on Y the toggle apex and light tongue or bell crank lever |29 pivoted in the framework. The light pull on the tongue |29 breaks the toggle and an arm |30 connected thereto on this occurring moves forward and cuts off the air supply. The result of this is that on the severing or breakage of one of the threads of the pair of cops feeding the spindle the unit is stopped due to the air supply being cut oif from the flyer and the brake ap-l plied to the spindle. A brake'is also applied to the flyer.

The flyer brake |3| shown in Figures 24-27 and 30 consists of a brake band shown in Figure 30 operating on the flyer the ends of the brake bandx being connected to a spring-controlled framework |32, substantially similar to that of the spindle brake. This framework is also provided with a flat spring |33 which co-operates with a spring pressed finger |34 controlled by the starting lever |35. When the starting lever is pushed forward, the flat spring is pushed forward, the brake is removed, the air supply is admitted to the turbine by the opening of the valve, |36 by the'lever |31, and the trip gear is re-set by stressing the spring |38 and until the apex of the toggle drops below thertongue |29. On the trip gear operating, the starting rod is released. This trip gear is mounted on the casing 'Il surrounding the flyer I. a thread trip for holding suilicient yarn to take up on the fresh spindle after the dofilng operation.

The trip action from the stopping action is This case also carries.

provided with a delay device |39, whichensures One form consists of a wire |42, mounted on the end of a light lover M38 pivoted in a casing Mii near the top of the yer, and having at the lower end a push rod Mii operating a ball valve it@ shown in detail in Figure 54 which admits air to the spindle bellows or aneroid 73. When the brake is applied the flyer stops, and so the drag on the yarn is reduced. The wire M2, which is behind the yarn and pulled back by the tension of the yarn, is now allowed to come forward, thus closing the ball valve i4@ and cutting oi the supply of air to the spindle bellows. Ths allows the spindle braketo stop the spindle as previously described. The alternative form is that referred to above, namely, that in which there is a connection between the bellows and the nozzle to the turbine which drives the yer, so that when the air is cut oi from the turbine the rotation of the spindle is stopped by the brake.

In all the above description it has been assumed that the spindle is a lagging spindle, that is to say, the iiyer is driven and the rotation of the spindle is obtained by the pull of the yarn.

Another detail which may be noted is that the yarn in passing from the top balance arms |02`is doubled on overhead rolls |47, that is to say, the yarn from each pair of cops lili passes over a. single roll |41. From this overheadroll it is led to the feed rolls. The braking action on the whole of the spindles is simultaneously varied, as building up takes place by means of cam mechanism operating on a rod extending along the length of the frame and provided at each spindle with an inclined plane or ramp 'i0 on which rides the ball 68a mounted on the pivoted arm 66 carrying the pin 68 riding in the slot ll of the auxiliary brake control.

The worm wheel 86 referred to above in connection with the feed rolls has teeth with parallel sides to permit a certain amount of vibrationgbetween the yer worm 83 and the worm wheel 86 to take place if necessary.

The spindles may be closely spaced, for example, the centres may be 2 inches apart.

What is claimed is:-

1. Apparatus for spinning, doubling and twisting brous materials comprising spindles, yers mechanically balanced by removal of material, and mounted in a form of resilient or spring supported bearing comprising two parts namely an outer cage and an linner tube, air bearings supporting the flyer inthe inner tube and resilient means supporting the inner tube in the cage.

2. Apparatus for spinning, doubling and twisting brous materials comprising spindles, yers mechanically balanced by removal of material, and mounted in a form of resilient or spring supported bearing comprising two parts namely an outer cage and an inner tube, air bearings supporting the yer in the inner tube and resilient means supporting the inner tube in the cage, the

said inner tube being furnished surfaces.

3. Apparatus for spinning, doubling and twisting fibrous materials comprising spindles, flyers mechanically balanced by removal of material, and mounted in a form of resilient or spring supported bearing comprising two parts namely an outer cage and an inner tube, air bearings supporting the flyer in the inner tube and resilient means supporting the inner tube in the cage, the said inner tube being formed from electrodeposited copper.

4. Apparatus for spinning, doubling and twisting iibrous materials comprising spindles, flyers mechanically balanced by removal of material and mounted in a form of resilient or spring supported bearing comprising two parts namely with two bearing an outer cage and an inner tube, air bearings -zzsllpporting the ilyer in the inner tube and re- 'silient means supporting the inner tube in the cage, the said inner tube being formed from electrodeposited copper and furnished with two carbonaceous bearing surfaces.

5. Apparatus for spinning, doubling and twisting fibrous materials including a spindle assembly comprising an outer running tube for'carrying a bobbin, a brake drum at the base of said outer running tube, an intermediate tube stationary but free to vibrate and having the same degrees of freedom as the running tube except that of rotation about its axis, circumferential bearing surfaces on said intermediate tube coacting with said running tube, a thrust bearing at the top of said intermediate tube for supporting said running tube, a xed inner dead spindle, a braking assembly on said dead spindle coacting with said brake drum on said outer running tube, resilient supporting means and spring damping means on said dead spindle for supporting and damping respectively said intermediate tube.

6. Apparatus for spinning, doubling and twisting fibrous materials as claimed in claim 1 wherein the said yers are formed by electro-deposition upon a mandrel.

7. Apparatus for spinning, doubling and twisting fibrous materials as claimed in claim 1 wherein the said yers are formed by electro-deposition of copper upon a mandrel.

8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein the damping device carried by the inner dead spindle is composed of three parts, viz. one near each end and one near the middle of the said spindle and between the spindle and the said intermediate tube.

9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 including means on the outer running tube for frictionally securing the bobbin to said running tube.

GERTRUDE RUTH ZIANI DE FERRAN'I'I,

Eecutrzz of the Estate of Sebastian Ziam' de Ferranti, Deceased. 

